Physical Chemistry • Inorganic Chemistry • Organic Reaction Mechanisms
$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S, \quad \Delta G^\circ = -RT \ln K_{eq}$$
Van 't Hoff Isochore: $$\frac{d(\ln K)}{dT} = \frac{\Delta H^\circ}{RT^2}$$
Octahedral splitting $\Delta_o$: $t_{2g}$ is lowered by $0.4\Delta_o$, $e_g$ is raised by $0.6\Delta_o$.
Spin-only magnetic moment: $$\mu = \sqrt{n(n+2)}\text{ BM}$$
Aldol Condensation: Requires $\alpha$-H + dilute alkali.
Cannizzaro Reaction: Aldehydes without $\alpha$-H (Benzaldehyde, Formaldehyde) + 50% KOH.
Hinsberg Test: $1^\circ$ amine forms alkali-soluble sulphonamide; $2^\circ$ forms insoluble sulphonamide; $3^\circ$ does not react.